PHYS-BS - Physics (BS)
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Program Overview
The mission of the undergraduate program in Physics is to provide students with a strong foundation in both classical and modern physics. The goal of the program is to develop both quantitative problem-solving skills and the ability to conceive experiments and analyze and interpret data. These abilities are acquired through both coursework and opportunities to conduct independent research. The program prepares students for careers in fields that benefit from quantitative and analytical thinking, including physics, engineering, teaching, medicine, law, science writing, and science policy, in government or the private sector. In some cases, the path to this career will be through an advanced degree in physics or a professional program.
Physics is concerned with a rigorous, mathematical understanding of the fundamental laws that govern our universe and everything in it. The Physics major provides students with a foundational understanding of the pillars of modern physics: mechanics, electromagnetic theory, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics. The major is designed around a range of pathways that allow students the flexibility to explore a particular interest in more depth, including but not limited to astrophysics, biophysics, computational and mathematical physics, education, geophysics, and quantum information science.
Physics majors have gone on to pursue careers in basic or applied research, teaching, and policy, as well as in many parts of the private sector as engineers, consultants, and founders of startups. Others have combined the Physics major with a minor or major in the humanities and pursued careers in the arts.
Physics majors often pursue advanced degrees, including coterminal Master's degrees in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Applied & Engineering Physics, Statistics and other fields, and Ph.D. programs in physics or other fields.
All prospective physics majors should take the Physics Placement Diagnostic to get sound advice on which introductory physics sequence will be sufficiently challenging without being overwhelming, and where to begin in that sequence. During their first year at Stanford, prospective Physics majors are encouraged to take, each quarter, the highest level Math course (among Math 19, 20, 21, and the 50 series) for which they satisfy the prerequisites. Prospective majors, especially those who are beginning the major during sophomore year, can contact the undergraduate program coordinator (elva@stanford.edu) to arrange an advising appointment. Students who have had previous college-level courses should make an advising appointment for placement and possible transfer credit. For additional information on Advanced Placement, see the Registrar's Website. You can view the BS in Physics approval form here.
Physics Placement Diagnostic
All students: You must take the Physics Placement Diagnostic if you intend to enroll in either PHYSICS40 or PHYSICS41 or PHYSICS45 or PHYSICS61 and you have never taken an entry-level Physics course at Stanford -- i.e., you have not taken at least one of PHYS 21, 23, 25, 41, 41A/E, 43, 45, 61, 63, 65.
For more information, see the department's Physics Placement Diagnostic page.
Course plans for the Start of the Physics Major
See these sample plans for the start of the Physics and Engineering Physics majors for students matriculating in Autumn 2022 or later. Since incoming students have a wide range of backgrounds in math and physics, six different plans are provided; each plan assumes a different starting point in math (MATH 19, 20, 21, or 51 or 61) and/or in physics (PHYSICS 41, 43, or 61). You will receive advice on the best starting point for you when you take the Placement Diagnostics for Math and for Physics.
Course plans for pursuing different Physics pathways are provided below the sample plans for the start of the major.
How to Declare the Major in Physics
To declare a major in Physics, see the Physics Department website on How to Declare.
See these sample plans for the start of the Physics and Engineering Physics majors for students matriculating in Autumn 2022 or later; each plan assumes a different starting point in math and/or physics. Course plans for pursuing different Physics pathways are provided below the sample plans for the start of the major
Grade requirements for Physics Majors who entered Stanford in Autumn 2022 or later:
All courses for the Physics major must be taken for a letter grade, and a grade of 'C-' or better must be received for all units applied toward the major, with the following exceptions: a grade of S or CR is acceptable for PHYSICS 41, 43, 61, 61L, 71L, and 89L.
Grade requirements for courses completed for the Physics Major prior to Autumn 2022:
All courses for the Physics major must be taken for a letter grade, and a grade of 'C-' or better must be received for all units applied toward the major. The only exceptions for which a grade of S or CR is acceptable are PHYSICS 42, 44, 46, 62, 64, 67, and one and only one of the following courses: PHYSICS 41, 43, 45, 61, 63, 65. Temporary exceptions to this policy are as follows:
Academic Year 2019-20: The Department of Physics counts all courses taken in Winter 2020 and Spring 2020 with a grade of 'CR' (credit) or 'S' (satisfactory) towards satisfaction of undergraduate Physics degree requirements that otherwise require a letter grade. Physics majors who enrolled in Physics 43 or Physics 65 in Spring quarter 2020 are not required to take the associated lab courses (Physics 44 or Physics 67) since those classes were canceled due to COVID in that quarter.
Academic Year 2020-21: The Department of Physics counts all courses taken in the academic year 2020-21 with a grade of 'CR' (credit) or 'S' (satisfactory) towards satisfaction of undergraduate Physics degree requirements that otherwise require a letter grade. Students who took PHYSICS 61 and PHYSICS 63 in Autumn 2020 and Winter 2021 may count either PHYSICS 65 in Summer 2021 or EE 65 in Spring 2021 to complete the requirement of an introductory physics sequence for the Physics major. For all undergraduates who entered Stanford in Autumn 2019 and took PHYSICS 43 or PHYSICS 65 in Spring 2020, the requirement to take PHYSICS 44 or PHYSICS 67 for the Physics major is waived as these courses were not offered in Spring 2020. This does not change the other introductory lab requirements.
Academic Year 2021-22: The Department of Physics counts PHYSICS 41, 43, 45, 61, 63, or 65 taken in the academic year 2021-22 with a grade of 'CR' (credit) or a letter grade of C- or higher towards satisfaction of undergraduate Physics degree requirements for introductory physics.
Note that students who entered Stanford in Autumn 2021 and completed Physics 41 and 43 during the academic year 2021-22 are allowed to use either the requirements that were in place when they entered Stanford if they took Physics 45, 70, and 120 during the academic year 2022-23 or the requirements that are described in the following sections for students entering in Autumn 2022 or later.
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Some courses have been renumbered from AY 21-22 to AY 22-23. Those changes are as follows:
Physics 62 is now Physics 61L
Physics 63 is now Physics 81
Physics 64 is now Physics 71L
Physics 65 is now Physics 71
Physics 67 is now Physics 89L
Note that some students may be able to place out of Physics 41 and/or 43 based on advice from the Physics Placement Diagnostic, as described in the “Program Policies” section.
Although not generally recommended, students with sufficient lab preparation who do not take all three required introductory lab courses may substitute an extra advanced lab course (PHYSICS 100, 104 (formerly 105), 106 (formerly 107), or 108) for all three required introductory labs. Note that in this case, taking any of the introductory labs does not in any way reduce the requirement of taking an extra advanced lab. No courses other than these may substitute for the introductory labs. A student must apply to make this substitution using the usual course substitution form
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Some courses have been renumbered from AY 21-22 to AY 22-23. Those changes are as follows:
Physics 62 is now Physics 61L
Physics 63 is now Physics 81
Physics 64 is now Physics 71L
Physics 65 is now Physics 71
Physics 67 is now Physics 89L
Although not generally recommended, students with sufficient lab preparation who do not take all three required introductory lab courses may substitute an extra advanced lab course (PHYSICS 100, 104 (formerly 105), 106 (formerly 107), or 108) for all three required introductory labs. Note that in this case, taking any of the introductory labs does not in any way reduce the requirement of taking an extra advanced lab. In general, only an extra advanced lab, not any other courses, may substitute for the intro labs. A student must apply to make this substitution using the usual course substitution form.
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In addition to the courses listed within the Core Program Requirements section above (required for all majors), Physics Majors must also complete 6 additional courses as defined for one of the Individual Pathways listed below. A course taken to satisfy a Core Program Requirement (above) cannot also count for an Individual Pathway requirement.
Any course taken to satisfy a pathway requirement must be at least 3 units. Pathways are not declarable in Axess; they do not appear on the transcript nor on the diploma. A letter grade of 'C-' or higher is required for all courses in each pathway; therefore, any course in another department that does not offer a letter grade cannot count towards the requirement for a pathway, even if the course is listed as an option for a pathway.
Please note that in any given year some of the courses that satisfy certain Pathway requirements may not be offered. There will always be a way to complete the Physics Major, but you may need to consider changes to the courses or Pathway you have planned in order to satisfy the Physics Major requirements.
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Or any MATH course numbered 101 and above (not 197), of 3 units or more.
The Core Pathway is the recommended starting point for students considering applying to Ph.D. programs in Physics.
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GEOLSCI 219 counts for this requirement but GEOLSCI 119 does not.
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It is recommended that Physics majors interested in pursuing a career in Biophysics consider a minor in Biology.
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Or any MATH course numbered 101 and above (not 197), of 3 units or more.
Additional MATH electives may be chosen from the Math Electives section above.
Physics Electives may be Physics (PHYSICS) or Applied Physics (APPPHYS) courses of 3 or more units, numbered 100 and above (not including PHYSICS 190, 198, 199, 201, 205, 240, 241, 290, 291, 293, 294, APPPHYS 100, APPPHYS 290, APPPHYS 291, APPPHYS 390, or any APPPHYS course numbered 400 or higher).
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Suggestions for Students Interested in Pursuing a Ph.D. Program in Physics or Closely-Related Fields
Research in physics is roughly divided into fields that include astrophysics, atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics, biophysics, condensed matter physics, and particle physics. Physics research at Stanford includes computational, experimental, observational, and theoretical work in these fields. It can be useful to consult with faculty in each of the research areas that you might be interested in pursuing in graduate school, since recommendations for preparation often vary by field. See the Physics Research Areas webpage to get started.
The above requirements are the minimum for the Physics major; they are intended to provide a foundation in math and physics that prepares students for the very wide range of careers pursued by Physics majors. However, if a student is considering pursuing a Ph.D. program in Physics, the department recommends that they complete more than the required Math and Physics courses in a pathway. In particular, they should take PHYSICS 110, 121, 131, 134, and 171, which are necessary elements of undergraduate Physics in preparation for Ph.D. programs.
The department also recommends acquiring laboratory experience, e.g., courses such as PHYSICS 100, 104, 105, 106, 107, or 108, or research experience in an experimental laboratory. It also recommends completing additional Physics and Math courses based on the student's interests and the advice of faculty in their field(s) of interest. In addition, they should pursue research in physics, e.g., through the Undergraduate Summer Research program in the Physics department, or through research opportunities outside Stanford.
The department strongly recommends that students consult with their Physics major advisor (and faculty in any research area in which they are interested) for recommendations on courses and research or internship opportunities, and attend the faculty-led group advising meetings held near the end of Autumn Quarter on applying for summer research, and in the Autumn and Spring quarters on thinking about advanced degrees.
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course Intermediate Physics Laboratory II: Experimental Techniques and Data Analysis qualifies for WIM if taken in 2019-20 or earlier.
A capstone is only required for students who matriculated in Autumn 2022 or later.
Students must complete ONE of the following three options in order to fulfill the Capstone requirement for the Physics major.
1. Complete a Senior thesis. The requirements for a Senior thesis are listed in the Honors section (below). However note that to fulfill the Capstone requirement using this option it is not necessary to fulfill the other requirements for Honors (e.g., GPA requirements) and thus a student can complete the Capstone requirement with this option even if they are not graduating with Honors.
2. Complete a research project plus a Capstone paper. Students carry out a physics-related research project, which can be pursued at Stanford or at another institution, during the summer quarter or the academic year. During their Junior or Senior year, the student submits a proposal describing the topic of their Capstone paper based on their research project and identifying their research advisor; the proposal must be approved by the Director of Undergraduate Studies. After this approval, the student writes a Capstone paper. This paper can be written for either course (WIM) or course. If the student chooses to write the paper in Physics 191, then it will be written for one of the assignments in the style of a journal article (e.g., Physics Review Letters). If the student chooses instead to write the paper in Physics 192, then the student enrolls in that course with the official research advisor as the instructor. If the project is carried out with an advisor at another institution, the student must identify an official advisor who is a faculty member in the Physics Department at Stanford for the purpose of writing their Capstone paper. If the project is carried out with a faculty member at Stanford who is not in the Physics department, then that advisor can serve as the instructor for Physics 192.
3. Complete at least one of the following three courses: course, course, or course. Note that Physics 100 and Physics 108 may have limited enrollment and so students planning to use one of these to fulfill their Capstone requirement should have a backup plan in case they cannot enroll in one of these courses.
The student files for entry into the honors program by completing an Honors Thesis Application by the same deadline as the Senior Thesis Application. Eligibility is confirmed by the department.
The student completes course work with an overall GPA of 3.30 or higher, and a GPA of 3.50 or higher in courses required for the Physics major.
The student completes a senior thesis by meeting the deadlines and requirements described in the Senior Thesis section below:
The department offers Physics majors the opportunity to complete a Senior Thesis.
These are the guidelines:
Students must submit a Senior Thesis Application form once they identify a physics project, either theoretical or experimental, in consultation with individual faculty members. Proposal forms are available from the undergraduate coordinator and must be submitted by the week prior to the Thanksgiving break of the academic year in which the student plans to graduate.
Credit for the project is assigned by the adviser within the framework of course Senior Thesis Research. A minimum of 3 units of course Senior Thesis Research must be completed for a letter grade during the senior year. Work completed in the senior thesis program may not be used as a substitute for regular required courses for the Physics major.
A written report and a presentation of the work at its completion are required for the senior thesis. By mid-May, the senior thesis candidate is required to present the project at the department's Senior Thesis Presentation Program. This event is publicized and open to the general public. The expectation is that the student's adviser, second reader, and all other senior thesis candidates attend.